Future of Programming



A programming language is a formal constructed language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs to control the behavior of a machine or to express algorithms.
The earliest programming languages preceded the invention of the digital computer and were used to direct the behavior of machines such as Jacquard looms and player pianos.[1] Thousands of different programming languages have been created, mainly in the computer field, and many more still are being created every year. Many programming languages require computation to be specified in an imperative form (i.e., as a sequence of operations to perform), while other languages utilize other forms of program specification such as the declarative form (The desired result is specified, not how to achieve it).








The description of a programming language is usually split into the two components of syntax (form) and semantics(meaning). Some languages are defined by a specification document (for example, the C programming language is specified by an ISO Standard), while other languages (such as Perl) have a dominant implementation that is treated as a reference. 

A programming language is a special language programmers use to develop applications, scripts, or other set of instructions for computers to execute. The following is an index of the different programming and scripting languages currently listed on our site.
Users who are new to computer programming may find the above list overwhelming. Figuring out where to start depends on the computer programming you want to do. The next section is a listing of some of the different fields of programming, as well as the languages to consider for each.
Note: There are several programming languages listed above that may not be in the following categories. That's because we have elected to list the most popular choices in order to avoid confusion.


Application and program development involves programs you work with on a daily basis. For example, the Internet browser you are using to view this web page is considered a program. If you are interested in writing your own programs, you should consider the following languages.
C
C#
C++
D
Java
Tcl
Visual Basic


Artificial Intelligence or related fields could involve anything from creating the character interactions in computer games, portions of programs that make the decisions in programs,chatbots, or any other related programs. If you're interested in writing your own AI, you should consider the following languages.
AIML
C
C#
C++
Prolog

Database developers create and maintain databases. If you're interested in creating your own database or maintaining other databases, you should consider any of the following languages.
DBASE
FoxPro
MySQL
SQL
Visual FoxPro

Game development involves the development of computer games or other entertainment software. If you're interested in writing your own games, you should consider the following languages.
C
C#
C++
DarkBASIC
Java

Computer drivers and programming hardware interface support are a necessity for hardware functionality. If you're interested in writing your own drivers or software interfaces for hardware devices, you should consider the following languages.  
Assembly
C

Internet and web page development are the essence of the Internet. Without developers, the Internet would not exist. If you're interested in creating your own web pages, developing Internet applications, or Internet related tasks, you should consider the following languages.
HDML
HTML
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
XML

Script development Although it is not likely to become a career, knowing how to create and develop scripts can increase productivity for you or your company; saving you countless hours. If you're interested in developing your own scripts, consider the following languages.
Autohotkey
awk
bash
Batchfile
Perl
Python
Tcl


Related pages:
How do I create my own computer program?
What jobs are available in the computer industry?
Also see: Hello World, Programming, Programming terms 
Extra info: 
Here’s some great analysis of more than 3,000,000 job postings for programmers from msgooroo.com. In it they analyze the number of job postings and average salaries for everything from JavaScript and Java to Haskell and Fortran. What are the results?
Download free codes for all languages programming from this site: 
http://www.wrox.com/WileyCDA/
In my opininion: 
If you want many jobs to pick from, stick with Java, JavaScript, C#, C++, and C/objective C.
God luck friends!

Article source: https://esolangs.org/wiki/A_programming_language_is_a_formal_constructed_language_designed_to_communicate_instructions_to_a_machine,_particularly_a_computer.

Web Programming Languages That Makes a Website Work Effectively

Most people with websites have never cared about the codes and the web programs that make it work efficiently. When you check out a website, you see only the lay out but failed to use the interface. But the fact is, there are various codes and programs that make it run and function. There are various web programming languages that make a website function properly and many of them are compatible to each other so a website functions efficiently and looks great as well.
Web developers are in favor of various programming languages. For the website's front-end, there are different programming and coding languages used, while the back-end is what makes it work. Commonly, web developers focus on one or two programming languages although it rarely happens. For the front end, the languages used are significantly common in the web design and development industry. Majority of these programming languages are HTML, CSS and Javascript. Most websites have been created using front-end programming languages. The front end code validates the website's structure, navigation, layout and design. The code usually refers to images sent to a folder and arranged them to make the website appear like it fits excellently together. A standard website can be built using these tools.
You will need back-end programming if you want additional functionality and complex features to make it work well. Back-end programming languages are extraordinarily different than the front-end but they usually collaborate to make the function and design built together as one. The main back-end languages are PHP, ASP, JSP, Cold Fusion and.Net and they are use for creating a dynamic website. Plus, they are commonly connected to a database that keeps the information for the website and it can be also updated using content management system or CMS. It keeps every image, text, statistic, members and everything else. The database can show and cross reference every data stored, making it an excellent tool in building larger websites.
There are a fairly small number of pre-built content management systems and they are free to download while some more complicated systems are ordered by subscriptions. Some web developers use these content management systems where they focus only on redesigning and customizing a variety of software while other developers prefer to build their own content management system with their choice of program language. These custom built management systems can be exclusively customized to the features of the website although their pre-built counterparts commonly have particular rules to follow.
Cindy Reyes is part of the creative team of Fat Eyes, the leading web design company in Santa Barbara. She writes articles about the nuts and bolts of web design and its contribution to the success of a business. Learn more information by visiting web design Santa Barbara.
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An Overview Of Important Web Programming languages

Introduction
It all began with Tim Berners-Lee at CERN and the good old HTML. CERN, which is now mostly famous for its Large Hadron Collider, has recently gained major publicity by attracting the attention of frivolous news chasing the possibility of a black hole. I think even cooler than a black hole marking the end of humanity, is the virtual world that has largely impacted her evolution. The internet happened partly because of the outcome of CERN's research and now we have a world beside the real world, functioning in parallel and becoming the flesh and blood of a terrestrial specy who was one day drawing on cave walls. HTML later became lingua franca of a world that was becoming bigger while making our real world smaller and smaller.
HTML is the basic language understood by all WWW (World Wide Web) clients. It can execute on a PC under any operating system such as Windows, Mac, Linux, or on a Unix workstation. However, it is limited in its computational power intentionally because it can prevent the execution of dangerous programs on the client machine. Web programmers, who are now much more sophisticated in their applications, provide different type of services to a growing demand of interactive content. Today, most users have competent client machines which are capable of doing much more than HTML allows. Fortunately, there is steady development in the field, and today the number of capable applications is expanding. We can easily build database-driven websites with various scripting languages such as PHP, ASP.NET, JSP, Perl, Cold Fusion and etc. This gives programmers a head ache. They generally fall into two main groups - proprietary and open-source, both have their own share of the market.
The languages mentioned below are all attempts to create the "ideal" Web programming language, which is usually done by extending and restricting existing languages. Web programming languages have a variety of ancestors: scripting languages, shell languages, mark-up languages and conventional programming languages. This document attempt to present a short introduction of the most important languages being used in Web today.
Characteristics Of Web Programming Languages
There is a diverse range of languages available and suitable for Web programming. There is no reason to believe that any one language will completely prevail and monopolize the Web programming scene. When you are developing a simple website, the question of which programming language and framework to choose can come up for things such as contact submission forms, photo galleries, jQuery Slider or any other dynamic content components that is generated by the web-server. When you are shopping for a web designer or web developer, you will hear them say "We program in PHP" or "We develop in ASP.NET/C#" and you might wonder what they are talking about and which one is better than the other.
As you can see, there is a fairly good selection of languages for web developers to choose to develop their web applications. There are many more languages available, some of them more specialized such as VRML, but discussing them is out of the scope of this article. Most developers have a working knowledge for at least a few of the frameworks, but tend to specialize in one.
New languages and language extensions are being developed to increase the usability of the Internet on a daily basis. Here we will look at some of the important languages that have shaped the Internet over the years and give a brief overview of each one of them.
ASP.NET - Active Server Pages
The.NET Framework is the infrastructure for the Microsoft.NET platform. It is an environment that can be used for building, deploying, and running Web applications and Web Services with easier and quicker programming.
ASP.NET runs inside IIS which comes free with Windows servers. It enables scripts to be executed by an Internet server. This web development technology is built into the.NET Framework and utilizes full featured programming languages such as C# or VB.NET to build web applications. I personally like C# very much and I think it is a great language to code with and extremely easy to use.
ASP.NET drastically reduces the amount of code required to build large applications. With built-in Windows authentication and pre-application configuration, security and safety are guaranteed. But the main disadvantage is that ASP.NET applications can only run on Windows platform.
PHP
As an open-source alternative, PHP is steadily developed by an active and very dedicated international community. This is a great example of strength in numbers. Another strength of PHP is of course its low costs. Since it is open-source software, PHP can be compiled and customized for any operating system. In fact, there are always pre-compiled versions available for your OS of choice. In an open, collaborative and non-hierarchical environment, suggested improvements can be adopted quickly. You can count on its fast paced updates and improvements more than other languages.
I think PHP is a good investment because it is not going to disappear anytime soon. It is used by a very large group of fantastic programmers who come out with amazing websites combining PHP with other technologies. Also it is a good idea that if you have invested in an online business and you have lost one of your precious programmers, it will be the easiest to find a replacement programmer.
Java/JSP
Developed by Sun Microsystems, Java is a very powerful object-oriented language. JavaServer Pages (JSPs) are web pages with embedded Java code. The embedded Java code is executed on the server, then the page is returned to the browser for display.
Unlike ASP, JSP is a lot less platform-specific and it doesn't rely as heavily on Microsoft for support or performance improvements. Java programs for Unix can be made to run on Windows or the Mac system with little or no effort. Many development projects are taking place on the Java platform and it is getting richer by day.
You should not confuse JSP with Javascript. Note that Javascript is a programming language that runs on a web browser and does not require any server software. Since all execution takes place on the browser, Javascript is responsible for most of the interactivity on a web page. Image change or text color change on mouseover, creating mouse trails are all possible through Javascript.
Perl
Perl doesn't offer the graphics and security desired for Internet programming on its own. However, those features are now available trough Perl/Tk. Perl/Tk which extends Perl with access to the Tk GUI library and makes it fully available for web programming.
Perl is an open-source language that is both mature and powerful. It offers web developers every tool they need to create dynamic websites. Like other open-source languages, it benefits tremendously from ongoing development, and the support offered by its international community is amazing. Perl is particularly good for creating single websites quickly, cleanly and elegantly. Its major weakness is that it may be unnecessarily complicated. If you are not comfortable switching gears between different syntaxes, then you should choose from one of the other alternatives.
Python
Like Java, Python is a full featured, object-oriented language developed, but extremely easy to use, by Guido van Rossum at CWI in the Netherlands. Similar to almost every other cool language, it is initially developed in a Unix environment but is available on PCs and Macs, and applications are portable across platforms. Python's syntax resembles C and C++, but doesn't stick too closely to those languages.
Python offers several portable GUI libraries. Python is simpler and easier to program than Java and very suited for Internet programming.
ColdFusion
Built by Allaire in 1995, purchased by Macromedia in 2001 and finally ended up in the hands of Adobe in 2005, This ColdFusion might not be as cool as cold fusion nuclear energy, but it did introduce an exciting technology which hold an active developer community together up to this day.
ColdFusion enables programmers to create dynamic and database-powered Web applications. With its own markup language (CFML) and tags to connect to the database, it is relatively easy to create forms and dynamic pages. Using ColdFusion, Building websites can't possibly get easier! You can deploy powerful web applications and services with minimal training. It provides an application development platform suitable for network software. It is now at version 10 and supports most major databases from Oracle to Microsoft SQL Server.
Ruby and Ruby on Rails
Ruby is a dynamic, object-oriented and open-source programming language. It has a very clean syntax which makes it a lot of fun to use. Python is ease to learn and use, and closely enjoys the Perl's pragmatism. Ruby's simplicity, productivity and ease of use has spread it usage very quickly in a matter of few years.
Ruby on Rails is its open-source Web application framework written in Ruby which follows the Model-View-Controller (MVC) model. It is a highly-productive and can empower industrial-strength web applications. It scales from the simplest expense tracking application to full-featured applications with thousands of users.
Finally
Web is the summa summarum of all these languages. There is no single application that does all the different things, in every different way and according to all the programmers need. Because of the diversity of programming tasks, choosing a language has become a critically important step. It has to be decided upon after through analysis of a project and considering every aspect of your requirements.
Esfandiar Amirrahimi is a software Developer. He completed his undergraduate program in Computer Science/Artificial Intelligence at Glasgow Caledonian University with First Class Honors. He then moved to Montreal and finished his Master's degree at Concordia University and he is currently working as a Java Developer.
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